When young athletes come together for competition and training, a grouping is traditionally based on chronological age (the age at which the individual was born) in order to provide a fair environment in terms of competition. Studies show that children who mature earlier than their peers are more developed (taller and heavier) in terms of both height and body weight than children who mature on-time and later. Changes observed in terms of muscle power and muscle strength in children are significantly affected by factors such as growth and biological maturation. When we look at the following periods, as boys reach puberty, they increase in muscle strength and muscle power and exceed the level of girls. Because girls reach puberty earlier than boys, they surpass boys in muscle strength and muscle power. While the rate of increase in muscle strength and muscle power in girls and boys in preschool and primary school periods is similar, differences emerge with the onset of puberty. In this context, the improvement of muscle strength and muscle power in adolescents can be achieved with the development of simple motor skills. Muscle strength increases with age, and the period in which the increase in muscle mass is highest is the growth and development period in adolescents. Regular strength training improves adolescents’ muscle function. It was established that biological maturation has a substantial link with vertical jump height and power, as well as grip strength on the right and left hands. For female adolescents’ chronological age, sitting height, body mass, BMI, left and right grip strength, and power averages were found to be significantly higher compared with the on-time group ( p < 0.05). For the body height and vertical jump averages in male adolescents, it was observed that the body height and vertical jump averages in the late group were significantly lower than in the early and on-time maturation groups. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of average right and left grip strength, vertical jump, and power in the late maturation group. Overall, 691 adolescents (414 boys and 277 girls) aged 12.01–11.96 (measured for body mass, body height as well as vertical jump, muscle power, and muscle strength). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adolescents’ biological maturation level and their muscle power, as well as their overall muscle strength.
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